Saint Andrews

El Greco (1541-1614)

• CE00013
• c. 1608-1614
• Oil on canvas

Saint Andrews, brother of Peter, preached in Scythia after the death and resurrection of Christ. He was crucified in a X-shaped cross in the Peloponnese. This cross became one of the saint's symbols, and from the 15th century onwards became part of the coat of arms of the dukedom of Burgundy, and was called "the cross of Saint Andrew and of Burgundy".

The technical studies and analysis of the work tells us this painting, as well as the paintings of Saint Jude, Saint Matthew, Saint Phillip, and Saint Simon, are in an initial execution phase.

Throughout the 16th century we find in Toledo interesting pictorical representations of the 12 apostles. These creations started with the predella of the main altarpiece in the church of Saint Andrew, a work signed by Juan de Borgoña and Antonio de Cremontes, in which the apotles are depicted half-length, in an attitude of dialogue and with a golden brackground. In El Greco's last years the artist renewed the meaning of these series and turned them into a novel production that was no longer destined to occupy a place in the altarpieces. He designed 13 individual paintings with the images of Christ the Saviour and the 12 apostles, cut out on neutral backgrounds, endowed with monumental form and psychological expresiveness. The apostles are covered with tunic and cloak and are accompanied by identifying attributes of each character. In addition to these attributes, El Greco envisaged, for each apostle, chromatic combinations for their clothes and their own gestures that would become codes of identification of the characters.

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El Greco’s style

Rafael Alonso, a restorer at the Prado Museum, analyses El Greco’s technique through the Apostolate series held by the El Greco Museum. The beauty of this series, painted during the artist’s final period, lies in the fact that it is unfinished, a feature that opens a window into the different stages of execution in the making of a work by the master Doménico.