The museum is based on a set of houses, one of which was the residence of Miguel de Cervantes between 1604 and 1606, a period that coincides with the publication of the first part of the Quijote (1605).
In 1916, it was opened to the public as the Biblioteca Popular y Cervantina, becoming the second most consulted library in Spain after the National Library. The museum, as we know it today, was founded in 1948. In 2005, the museography was renovated based on Cervantes’ family documents and historical and literary descriptions, descriptions, with the aim of recreating spaces as faithful as possible to the writer’s time.